Gender Inequality Microfinance, An Empowering Practice

Section B: Gender Inequality 2.0 Microfinance, an empowering practice? Microfinance, has to some extent improved and strengthened relations amongst women within communities. Microloans provided to women in groups ensures that the economic burden of repayments is one which women no longer have to bear alone but is instead shared, reducing the anxiety and pressure levels felt by women. The lending of microloans to groups of women, has created a sense of social solidarity, as women who are often in the same financial position can all contribute to creating successful microenterprises monitored and controlled by each other, reducing the risk of financial failure and collapse in addition to the reduction of collateral. This can be viewed as a†¦show more content†¦Granted microfinance has been projected as an initiative, which is targeted solely at women however the ‘types’ of women who participate in this financial venture, remain unclear both in the states which operate microfinance, and the literature which discuss the successes and failures of microfinance institutions. For example, ‘Young unmarried women face very different prospects and constraints compared with older women who may be widowed or divorced’ Johnson (2000:90). A woman who is unmarried may benefit more from microfinance, in comparison to a married women who has duties, obligations and responsibilities not only to her children, but also to her husband, and members of her extended family, and may feel more anxiety and pressure to fulfil these obligations compared to an unmarried women. The case of married women, remains an interesting case, as gender relations between men and their wives become difficult as the lines of financial responsibility become blurred due to men, depending on their wives to obtain these loans as a source of income. This has been problematic as it hinders gender equality as , women have and continue to obtain loans under false pretences, often on behalf of their husbands who continue to exploit them for financi al purposes as, ‘A loan to a womanShow MoreRelatedInvestigating the Role of Micro-Finance in Female Empowerment, Kawangware Division, Nairobi County1519 Words   |  7 Pagesscourge of poverty. One of these measures is through micro-financing, which is geared towards empowering the poor in the society. Poverty is a canker worm that can extensively hinder the growth and development of any society. It is quit unfortunate that Africa as a continent suffer from poverty in different forms. Poverty in Kenya has led to the deepest depth of desperation and hopelessness leading the woman gender to indulge alcoholism and criminality and other vices that are frowned at by the societyRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesare tools for empowering poor women. Micro credit is about much more than access to money. It is about women gaining control over the means to make a living. It is about women lifting themselves out of poverty and vulnerability. It is about women achieving economic and political empowerment within their homes, their villages, their countries. As Noeleen Heyzer of UNIFEM reveals in the above statement, there is clearly an important role for microfinance to play in theRead MoreThe Model Of Microcredit Lending2186 Words   |  9 PagesWhile the spread of microcredit as a development practice has enabled borrowers in many developing countries to access credit, not all experiences with microcredit have been positive. The original model of microcredit lending was not effective in alleviating poverty. To remedy this, an â€Å"improved† lending model was introduced; however, this model, too, has failed the impoverished citizens of the developing world because of its exclusivity. Traditional microcredit loaning systems require some formRead MoreImpact of Microfinance awareness in Kenya12633 Words   |  51 PagesMICROFINANCE AWARENESS AND IMPACT IN KENYA: A CASE OF NAIROBI COUNTY Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The need for development that saw the Kenya develop several strategies and plans such as the vision 2030 and the millennium development goals has led to development of the finance sector. The need for financing of the development projects has developed microfinance institutions in the country. Microfinance has received a lot of attentionRead MoreEconomic And Social Development Efforts Has Benefited Women As Much As They Have Benefited Men Essay2552 Words   |  11 PagesNevertheless, the significant numbers of enterprises were predominantly owned by men. It was not common to see women-owned businesses worldwide especially in developing countries. The idea and practice of women entrepreneurship is a recent phenomenon. Until the 1980’s little was known about women entrepreneurship in both practice and research, which made entrepreneurship research to entirely focus on men (Ahmad et al. 2008). Even though we observe a number of women entrepreneurs in the business, recent studiesRead MoreRule Of Law And Development10265 Words   |  42 Pagesrule of law and economic development was explored in depth in research by Dr. Robert J. Barro that was published in the 2000 Index of Economic Freedom â€Å"Rule of law, by empowering individuals within a stable and predictable environment, is the more reliable factor in promoting development. And the range of corrupt government practices involving special privileges for government-favored individuals or groups and highlights the economic costs they impose on society.† 1.2 The Rule of Law: Good for BusinessRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 Pagesevaluate the nature of women entrepreneurship * To know about the difficulties to start up a business; * To know about difficulties which are faced by the women entrepreneur to sanction bank loan; * To collect information about women empowering in Bangladesh; * To compare between male and female entrepreneurs in Bangladesh; * To compare between female entrepreneurs of our country to female entrepreneurs of developed countries; * To know how the women entrepreneurs are consciousRead MoreRural Banking10502 Words   |  43 Pagesinadequate. Secondly, rural credit markets in India themselves have been very imperfect and fragmented. Thirdly, as the foregoing suggests, the distribution of formal sector credit has been unequal, particularly with respect to region and class, caste and gender in the countryside. Formal sector credit needs specially to reach backward areas, income-poor households, people of the oppressed castes and tribes, and women. Fourthly, the major source of credit to rural households, particularly income-poor workingRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 PagesHIV/AIDS to Agricultural and Rural Development Projects Category of Relevance | Implications | Potential Response | Example | (a) Vulnerability of the target group to HIV infection and the impact of AIDSStigmatization, poverty, migration, gender disparities and lack of HIV/AIDS information render a project’s target group vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. | Contact farmers and community leaders may be unable to attend training activities due to caring responsibilities. Project likely to lose trainedRead MoreManagement and Teaching Note19520 Words   |  79 PagesGonela, SK; Kompella, R IBSCDC 9pp; Teaching note 207-057-8 (12pp) 207-057-4 BURGEONING CHINESE ECONOMY: SIGNS OF OVERHEATING? Structured assignment Gonela, SK; Kompella, R IBSCDC 15pp; Teaching note 207-057-8 (12pp) 9-907-411 CHILE: THE CONUNDRUM OF INEQUALITY Scott, BR; Leight, J Harvard Business School Publishing 31pp 207-055-1 CHINA TELECOM: WTO OBLIGATIONS TO REGULATE MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS IN CHINA Bushehri, M; Mottahedeh, K Asia Case Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong 8pp; Teaching

Essay about The History of English - 977 Words

The History of English The most commonly spoken language in our day, would be English or as some people might call it â€Å" The Lingua Franca â€Å". It is a language, which is taken almost a thousand years to evolve, mainly through its borrowings from other languages such as French and Latin. It is actually classified as part of the Germanic group of languages. Even though it is the most commonly spoken language today, it is not without its faults, which would be its phonetic symbols only, representing one sound and each sound would have its appropriate symbol. Most European languages are very similar to those spoken in India and Persia, assuming that most of the European peoples are descendants of the†¦show more content†¦(Lecture notes, M. Disney) Latin influenced English before the Anglo-Saxons arrived in England. The Germanic tribes who later settled on the isles were in contact with small parts of the Roman civilization. Some of the words borrowed by the Germanic groups were: Mint: Minet, Street: strata via When the first English tribes came to settle in England they made contact with the people that had been part of the Roman Empire which probably spoke a form of Latin. Some of their words past in to the language of the new conquerors. (Lecture notes, M. Disney) In the sixth century St. Benedict reintroduced Christianity. As the religion spread English added a large number of Latin words to itself to express new ideas connected with the religion. However, this lead to the loss of grammatical gender of the language and therefore mixed the vocabulary. (Internet 1) In the eighth century the Danes made continual raids upon the English coasts which they later settled. They were then defeated by King Alfred the Great. A hundred years later another Danish King invaded England and managed to get his son, Canute, was put upon the English throne. These Danish invasions, however destructive they were, had quite a tremendous influence upon the English language. The English borrowed words such as skin, ill, get and leg. (Lecture notes, M. Disney)Show MoreRelatedHistory of the English Language1655 Words   |  7 Pages History of the English Language [47 words] This ever so changing, perpetually adapting and complex language that is English grew as large as it is today for a variety of reasons; all of which will be explained in this disquisition, point-by-point, following the three grand evolution periods of the language (Old, Middle and Modern English). Read MoreHistory of English Language1776 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of the English Language One thing that makes human culture possible is the language, not thought. We cannot form a precise though without the power of words. Surely, we can relay on pictures, but language is the tool that will help the idea construct more completely, precisely, with more detail and finesse. Animals communicate, but their way of communication is based on cries consisted of limited number of symbols which have general meaning. Example: In case of danger: - A humanRead MoreU.s. History And English975 Words   |  4 PagesCengiz Boga Ms Poblete/ Mrs. Uskert US History and English 6 May 22, 2015 Medicare Imagine your grandmother, alone in her apartment sick and no food to eat. Well, there are programs our government provides to our elderly to help them buy food, find a place to live and most importantly, help insure them. Medicare is a program that was initially created by Harry S. Truman in 1948, but Congress failed to enact it (â€Å"Curing the Health Care System†). Later it was refined by LBJ in 1965 as part of â€Å"GreatRead MoreDevelopment And History Of Australian English1631 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Development and History of Australian English The growth and domination the English Language has seen globally is not only unprecedented, but comes as no surprise; The spread of the English language and its culture over the world is a major event in human history(Algeo, 2005, pp.6). As the Lingua Franca of the developing world and a third of the world’s population speaking English (Crystal, 2006), its importance, appeal and prestige cannot be undermined. Maybe it is because of itsRead More The History of the English Language Essay2183 Words   |  9 PagesThe History of the English Language In this paper I will discuss where and how the English language originated and how it has spread to become one of the most spoken languages in the world. Before I started my research on my topic of choice, my original hypothesis was that the English language was started by a whole assortment of Germanic tribes invading England thousands of years ago. This ultimately became the goal of my paper, to see if Germanic tribes started the English language, or ifRead MoreA History Of The English Church And People991 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Bede was writing A History of the English Church and People the conflicts between Christians and pagans were still not long a ago and Christianity was not yet as dominant in England as it would be in the future. Therefore, the memories of these conflicts were still fresh within some people s minds and Bede made sure to record it. Bede wrote the history of past events of Christianity s struggles, the great men that protected it and enforced it. He wr ote so that Christians would have anRead MoreA Brief History of English Literature1782 Words   |  8 PagesA brief history of English literature 1. Anglo-Saxon literature Written in Old English c.650-c.1100. Anglo-Saxon poetry survives almost entirely in four manuscripts. Beowulf is the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem; other great works include The Wanderer, The Battle of Maldon, and The Dream of the Rood. Notable prose includes the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a historical record begun about the time of King Alfred ´s reign (871-899) and continuing for more than three centuriesRead MoreHistory Of English Literature II1603 Words   |  7 PagesKerri Estep Essay 2 History of English Literature II Professor O’Conner Nature: A Simple Word Jammed With Imagery William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads, with Pastoral and Other poems (1802)† and his poem â€Å"Nutting† focus on nature in order to elicit a response from the reader and provoke the senses. These romantic works use different techniques to accomplish the same purpose. Wordsworth utilizes simple language and imagery to accomplish his task. Through his writing he express himselfRead MoreThe History And Culture Of English Literature1979 Words   |  8 PagesThe history and culture of English literature are profound in the literary writings from the beginning of the Periods of Old English, Middle English, Elizabethan, Romantic, and the Modern. All of these periods are named purposely by intellectual, political movements, historical events, and artistic styles that are evident in the literary writings during their respective timeframes. As an example, it is during the Old English Period (Anglo – Saxon) where the English language is born. Th e epic poemRead MorePersonal Essay: My History with English1057 Words   |  5 PagesZane Davis I am a 23 year old who is going back to school for my first time in 7 years. English is one of the courses I signed up for, not only because it is a requirement, but I see it as a necessity. For me to be successful in college and whatever career I choose, I believe adequate reading and writing skills is important. My history with reading and writing has definitely had its ups and downs throughout my life. I learned to read and write at a young age. There are a lot of people in

Copper Metal Free Essays

Copper is an element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Copper is classified in periodic table: Its element category is transition metal; Its group is 11; Its period is 4; Its atomic weight is 63. 546. We will write a custom essay sample on Copper Metal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Copper metal and alloys have been used for thousands of years. Physical properties:- Copper has a characteristic reddish brown color. Its density is 8. 93 g cm. Its melting point is 1083`C. It is highly malleable and ductile at ordinary temperature. It is a very good conductor of heat and electricity. It is the best conductor among all the metals. Chemical properties:- Copper does not react with water, but it reacts with oxygen slowly forming the brown-black copper oxide. Occurrence:- Copper can be found as native copper and a part of minerals. Native copper is a polycrystal. There are many kinds of copper-containing minerals: chalcopyrite and chalcocite are copper sulfides, azurite and malachite are copper carbonates and cuprite is a copper oxide. Recycling:- Copper can be recycled without lose of quality. Copper are world’s mostly recycled. Uses of copper:- Copper is mostly used as a metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an al alloy such as brass and bronze. Copper is used in refrigerators and air conditioning systems. Computer heat sinks are made out of copper because it is able to absorb a high amount of heat. Magnetrons, found in microwave ovens, contain copper. As a good conductor of electricity, copper is used in Copper wire, electromagnets and electrical relays and switches. Copper is a great water-proof roofing material. It has been used for this purpose since ancient times. Some structures, such as the Statue of Liberty, are made with copper. Copper is sometimes combined with nickel to make a corrosion resistant material that is used in shipbuilding. Copper is used in lightning rods. These attract lightning and cause the electrical current to be dispersed rather than striking, and possibly destroying, a more important structure. Copper is often used to color glass. It is also one component of ceramic glaze. Many musical instruments, are made out of copper. How to cite Copper Metal, Essay examples

Risk Management Report

Question: What is risk? Identify the risk process, analyze the risk and then evaluate the risk. Answer: As from the report risk management published by the Committee QR-005(2012), Risk can be unpredictable and unexpected event that change or uncertain the event of the project planning and it cannot control and overcome during the final phase. Risk has a negative and positive effect on the organization objective. From this report, it is seen that the Risk is associated with both internal and external factors and influenced the objective including the organizations strategies, operations, project and process. Thus from the study, it is observed that the main purpose risk assessment is to identify the risk process, analyze the risk and then evaluate the risk This article use the framework designed in order to solve the risk problem. Overall, if risk is identified in implementation phase then it is easily solved by the project management. If risk is not identified during implementation phase then it is more difficult for the developer to identify the risk after that and those type of the r isk become crucial. This article contains the framework including commitment and mandate, framework design to manage the risk, implementation process, review and monitoring process and improvement process. Risk is impact on the time, cost, scope and the quality. This article is focused upon the three processes these are the risk management process, creating framework in order to manage the risk and the process of the risk management and with the help of them they try to solve the risk problem. From the Committee QR-005(2012), the risk assessment plays the vital role in order to review the information regarding both external and internal context. This article includes the risk identification methods including data based technique, simulation or modeling and analysis of the history data. In another aspect the risk management is increased success with the help of different attribute like decision making process, formality and structure, project focus and continuity. In this article, five steps are used in the process of risk management. Risk assessment is applied in every phase of the life cycle and it is implemented in different levels. The project life cycle phase contains the analyzing, implantation, designing, evolution and monitoring phage. From the Committee QR-005(2012), the opportunities risk is identified in definition phase. . Risk analysis is done through historical data including both qualitative and quantitative methods. It is affectively discussed the ways in which the various factors of risk are ranked and prioritized with the help of ETA (event tree analysis) and Delphi methods. F-N curves technique is used to represent the risk analysis and it is useful in order to evaluating the risk. This article is provided different techniques and methods including HAZOP, HACCP and with the help of this technique, they try to measure the risk or identify the risk. Thus, this article is provided to the benefit of the project developer in order to identity the different type of risk through different selection of technique. Business management can be identified risks in an initial stage of the life cycle. Risk management process and risk framework helps to plan to identify internal risk and external and they solve different risks with the help of risk breakdown structure. References Committee QR-005, (2012). Risk managementGuidelines on risk assessment techniques. 1st ed. [ebook] Sydney: Council of Standards Australia.

An Investigation Into The Eight Queens Problem Essays - Chess

An Investigation Into The Eight Queens Problem Essays - Chess An Investigation into the Eight Queens Problem Introduction The eight queens problem relies on a very simple chess-based concept. However, no chess knowledge, other than this background, is required. Chess is a game plajghyed on a 8 by 8 grid of 64 squares. The grid is checkered with two colors, usually white and black, the bottom right hand corner being white. The players sit opposite of each other and have sixteen chess pieces that they use to attempt to win the game.1 The objective of the game is to use your sixteen chess pieces to checkmate the king?that is, having the king in a situation where he is unable to move without being in threat of being captured by an opponent?s piece. Each chess piece has certain chess rules which governs the way each chess piece may move. One of the pieces is called the Queen. The Queen is ultimate piece of the chess board being able to move in any direction and for any number of squares.2 How many ways can eight queens be placed on a chess board so that no other queen will attack another?3 A queen can attack any other queen along the eight paths which extend from queen. These paths are vertically, horizontally, and diagonally.4 Development Some observations must be made before attempting to solve this problem. Since there is a 8 by 8 chess board and 8 queens, then there must be a queen on each row. Also, a chess board has four black, and four white squares in each row. That would mean that half of the queens must be placed on black squares and half of the queens must be placed on the white squares.5 Each chess square will be labeled in the method shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Each coordinate on the chess board such as (4,5) or (x,y) will be referred to as being S. Again, a queen can attack anyone diagonally, vertically, or horizontally.6 Mathematically, a queens diagonal dominance can be described by using the coordinates and adding A or B to x and y, and A being a variable in the domain 1-1.7 ( X + A, Y + A ) right diagonal dominance of the queen ( X + B, Y- B) left diagonal dominance ( X, A ) vertical dominance of the queen?s domain ( Y, A ) horizontal dominance of the queen?s domain. The first queen can be placed on the coordinate (1,1). With the above rules, the following is true in Table 1: SA(X+A)(Y+A) (X,A)(A,Y) (1,1)122(1,1)(1,1) 233(1,2)(2,1) 344(1,3)(3,1) 455(1,4)(4,1) 566(1,5)(5,1) 677(1,6)(6,1) 788(1,7)(7,1) 899(1,8)(8,1) Table 1 When any other queens are placed on the chess board, it cannot be placed on any of the coordinates listed in Table 1 because it would fall into this queen?s dominance. This would be true for any other queen that will be placed on the board.8 The second queen will have six squares from which it can be placed since two of them have been dominated by the first queen. The queen will be unable to be placed in the second row in the coordinates (2,2) or (1,2). The second queen is able to be placed on the squares with the coordinates (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,2), and (8,2). There are many factors that must be considered before placing the next queen. One goal is to leave as many squares open that do not vertically align with any other squares on any other rows. For example, if a queen is placed on (3,2) then it would leave four squares open on rows 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Because there are only 8 squares across a chess board, four being left open in five rows would result in vertically aligned rows.9 (Figure 2) Many of the squares would be eliminated quickly because many are aligned vertically together resulting in less squares made available than 8 because once a queen is placed in any of the remaining "free" squares, then the "free" vertically above and below that queen would be dominated along with the diagonal pathways that the queen would dominate also. Since this is true, then the next queen must

Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essays

Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essays Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essay Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essay After you create your object using your computer assisted software or CAD, he digital AD model is saved as a SST file and sent to the printer. Before you start printing anything you have to add a select amount of the material that you have decided to use (plaster, ballistic, polyurethane, polyester, epoxy, metal etc. ). Then the printer prints out your object on a bed and youre finished. There is another method that you can use to AD print your desired object, this method is called fused deposition modeling or FED. In this method molten polymer is sprayed onto a support layer and the object is built layer by layer until complete. What companies manufacture AD printers? The market for AD printers Is beginning to grow. There are many companies that specialize In producing and selling AD printers but for this assignment Im going to focus on the following. Some of the companies that manufacture industrial AD printers are; Object Geometries founded in 1998, Z Corporation founded in 1994, Strategy founded in 1988, disesteems founded in 1986. Some of the companies that manufacture AD printers for home use are; Makeover Industries founded in 2009, Ultimate founded in 2011, and Potboil founded by disesteems. What are the models that are made by various companies? Models made by: Z Corporation: The Project 3510 SD produces high quality parts perfect for engineering and mechanical design applications. Strategy: The Forts mace system builds durable and accurate parts as large as 914 x 610 x mm. It also has 11 different material options suitable for anything from bulging fixtures and factory tooling to end-use parts and even functional prototypes. disesteems: The Cube X Duo is one of the best and most popular desktop/personal ad printers with the ability to print and object as big as a basketball! Makeover: The Makeover Replicated ZOO is so advanced that you can create and print two objects at the same time. App and cloud enabled so you can connect with wife and USB with no problems at all. Ultimate: The ultimate 2 has the industry leading print to size ratio. It has the smallest footprint and highest build volume among all desktop AD printers. Also, it is an open filament system meaning that the cost of material is very low compared to other ad printers because you can use any filament you choose. Potboil: The Cube X has an advanced settings option that allows you to specialized and personalized the way you print In 8 different colors! Also, It Includes Its own printing sof tware. Strengths of this component Include: Cheap Manufacturing: AD printing is increasingly being used by large companies sun as converse or Ales to replace some AT tenet normal maturating meet This is achieved through lower shipping and packaging costs from overseas parts suppliers, less human work and cheaper and reliable materials. Quicker Production: The speed of AD printing compared to ordering parts from different suppliers all over the world is like comparing the speed of a turtle and the speed of a race car. Why old you want to wait weeks or maybe months for parts to arrive when you could have the entire object built right in front of you in a couple of hours. Also if you dont like the design you have created, you can Just start from scratch or mould your design into something different using the computer program used to print. New Shapes and Structures: Regular manufacturing methods rely on moulds and cutting technologies to make a limited number of shapes but AD printing changes this altogether. The AD printers spray tool can build an infinite number of complex figures limited only by human imagination. Combinations of New Materials: Before AD printing, mixing different raw materials wasnt possible due to their physical and chemical properties but people believe that ad printings potential has not been reached yet so many companies now offer tens of different materials with different finishes giving the look and feel of metal, ceramic or glass with different strengths and melting temperatures. Weaknesses of this component: AD printers use up a large amount of energy even when printing something the size of a necklace. When melting plastic and other materials with heat or lasers, AD printers use up to 50-100 times more electrical energy that injection molding to make n item of the same weight and size meaning that when it comes to industrial AD printing, the time you save might not be worth the money your spending on electric or production fees. One of the materials mostly used in AD printing is plastic. Possibly the biggest environmental movements in recent history has been to reduce the use of plastics, the most popular and cheapest AD printers use plastic filament and wires to print objects. If AD printing starts to become more industrialized then excess plastic from either print beds or scraped projects that werent used needs to e recyclable or biodegradable but until then, AD printing will become a wasteful way of creating parts or any objects. There are many things you can print with a AD printer for example; a toy for small children or a wheel for a bus or bicycle, the problem is you could also print out a gun or weapon of some sort and that could be illegal in the country that you created it. The printer itself is not going to not allow you to print out a weapon because it doesnt know the difference. There is also going to be an issue with printing out counterfeit products. To print an object, all you need s the software the model was created on and the actual file itself. You can also print out credit cards and I. Dos as well as copies of other private belongings. How much does a AD printer cost? There are 3 main types of AD printers, these types include; personal, professional and industrial. Personal AD printers are plainly and simply used for small projects that you can create such as, toys, miniature structures and tools. Professional AD printers are uses In large commercial Dulling Ana companies; teen use ten printers for parts that need to be made with specific detail because shipping from other entries around the world is too expensive. Industrial AD printers are used for creating objects and parts to be sold and manufactured to other large companies, usually for more value.

Skin allergy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skin allergy - Research Paper Example Urticaria or hives is an itchy rash, due to hypersensitive reaction by the skin (Linscott, Emedicine). The condition may be acute or chronic and there are several variants to this condition. Itching can occur without any rash and may be due to some disease related to that part of the skin. Even some medications can cause itching. As far as atopic dermatitis is concerned, the cause is actually unknown. However, several researchers have attributed genetic and environmental mechanisms to the development of atopic dermatitis. Factors which contribute to the development of atopic dermatitis are infection, poor hygiene, extremes of climate, food antigens and aeroallergens (Kraffchik, Emedicine). Several chemicals sensitize the skin and cause allergic contact dermatitis. Some of the important chemicals are poison ivy, Nickel, rubber gloves, p-phenylenediamine, dyes, formaldehyde, wash and wear chemicals and preservatives (Hogan, Emedicine). In urticaria, the cause is unknown most of the times. However, ingections, foods, stress, drugs, exposure to certain temperatures and climates and exposure to latex can trigger the development of the condition (Linscott Emedicine). In atopic dermatitis, the pathophysiology is poorly understood. However, it has been thought that sensitization of IgE and epithelial barrier disturbance secondary to some kind of immune dysfunction is the cause for the allergic rashes. Another important defect attributed to this condition is defective epithelial cells contributing to defective barrier mechanism (Kraffchik, Emedicine). The main immune disturbance is imbalance in the T-lymphocytes with TH2 cells dominating the system and causing release of cytokines like granulocyte macrophage stimulating factor and interleukins 4,5, 12 and 13. All these amount to an increase in IgE levels and fall in interferon gamma levels. In those with chronic

Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wal-Mart - Essay Example This requires a benefit and wage package that accounts for the basic expenses and area-specific cost of living involved in supporting a family comfortably. By definition of their regions specific living wage standards are known to vary as compared to minimum wages offered by the federals. This is because the minimum wages do not begin to meet the family or the working people needs anywhere in the country; and on the contrary, it puts a child and parent below the poverty federal lines. This issue can effectively be addressed by the implementation of a more reasonable minimum and living wage at a local level that will not affect the family’s way of life. Our living wage standard like in many other municipal standards across the country combines some benefits with the wage standard to cater for employees and families that need it the most. The City of Washington, D.C government recently wanted to introduce a legislation that would ensure that large corporations running business i n the city would pay a "living wage" of $12.50 per hour to all employees hired in the city. Wal-Mart, one of the largest business corporations in the whole world responded by threatening to close stores in the city, and not to open planned stores because of the legislation. Such policies are meant to protect the public from exploitation by business companies and to ensure that employees are well remunerated. Is the living wage policy good? The question whether the policy is a good one can be argued from both ways, but on this paper, the argument will lean more on the positive aspects of the policy. This policy is good and its implementation would be beneficial for the employees, future employees, the families of the employees and ultimately the city of Washington, D.C. One advantage that can be achieved through its implementation is that the minimum income of the citizens would rise considerably. This will help in improving the lives of the employees and enable them meet their basic and secondary needs. In addition, it is also beneficial to women because over time they have been earning lower wages than the men have. The wage policy will ensure than women and men earn similar salaries that are based on their skills and work rather than gender. In this aspect, the policy would benefit most families of the employees. Through this, it can be regarded as an added benefit to the recovery of the economy as a whole from the family level. Others still view its implementation as an indirect form of justice for those affected by the economy crisis since within its implementation, there are dockets that would allow for effective compensations and responsibility mainly by the employers and managements and this would in effect protect the workers from any form of abuse. The policy is also beneficial to companies such as Wal-Mart because an increased wage will ensure that the employees are motivated to perform highly and yield more and high quality productivity. Due to thes e facts, it is clear that the policy is a good one. The people who support the implementation of the living wage policy state that all individuals should be provided with direct means of affording living costs in-terms of shelter, food, transport and usual basic needs, fiscal conservatives. On the other hand, those who do not support it refuse to uphold the idea of a minimum wage since according to them it makes it hard to determine the regional scale cost of labor appropriately. They adequately argue that the minimum wage increases the services and goods prices while also affecting disproportionally the minorities. Even with this argument and counter argument, it is still unfortunate that a major aspect is still not answered by this debate

Human Rights and English law (LLB), Discuss why it is that freedom of Essay

Human Rights and English law (LLB), Discuss why it is that freedom of expression is widely considered to be a fundamental human right, and the extent, if any, t - Essay Example ring protection is not questioned, the degree of immunity accorded to it is a frequently debated issue insofar as restrictions regarding its protection are concerned, challenging its character as a fundamental right. Given the issues surrounding the freedom of expression, this essay will therefore argue that the freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, whose protection, although guaranteed, is not absolute such that restrictions must be placed to ensure that its exercise is in accordance with the laws of the land and the responsibilities required of citizens. The freedom of expression is recognised as among the â€Å"human rights and fundamental freedoms [that are] the birthright of all human beings† (cited in Smith, 2004, p. 1). Its fundamental character lies in its significance as a pillar of democratic society, and as a human right intimately connected with the exercise of individual life and liberty. As illustrated in Handyside v. United Kingdom1, the â€Å"[f]reedom of expression constitutes one of the essential foundations of [a democratic] society, one of the basic conditions for its progress and for the development of every man†, such that its protection is extended â€Å"not only to ‘information’ or ‘ideas’ that are favourably received or regarded as inoffensive or as a matter of indifference, but also to those that offend, shock or disturb the State or any sector of the population.† Hence, freedom of expression is a fundamental right, whose exercise is necessary for citizens to par ticipate in the democratic process and the functioning of society (Stone, 2004, p.1). On the other hand, the freedom of expression is also a human right whose exercise directly affects other fundamental human rights as recognised by the ECHR. Whereas Article 9 of the ECHR recognises the freedom of religion, the exercise of such freedom is incomplete if individuals are restricted in their expression of religious beliefs. Freedom of expression is therefore

Magic Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude

Magic Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude Magic Realism is a term found by art historian Franz Roh in 1925, to describe a visual arts movement emerging throughout Europe. It is known that a large number of critical terms in literature are borrowed from painting. Magic Realism is one of those terms. The usage of that technique leads the author make the themes and subjects are more imaginary, outlandish and with a fantastic dream like quality. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who is the author of One Hundred Years of Solitude, does not like to be considered a writer of Magic Realism, even it is clear to see Magic Realism technique in his novel, he claims only to be realist without much exaggeration in his work. He states, As the final judgment runs, the source of all creation is reality. In One Hundred Years of Solitude for example, the banana company treats its workers so badly that they all go on strike. They gathered in the main square of the town, where the government has them surrounded by soldiers armed with machine guns. When the crowed refuses to disperse, the order is given to open fire, and three thousand people are killed. Their corpses are, then, put into the trains and sent off to the sea, and the whole incident is officially denied to the point that Jose Arcadio Segundo finds it impossible to persuade anyone that it has taken place. For a European observer, the ability of a government to hide such incidents is indeed unbelievable. However, in Latin America, as well in the most of the third world countries, the situation is still worse than can be imagined. To the eye of European and North American common sense, the career of the Central character in One Hundred Years of Solitude Colonel Aureliano clearly belongs to the realm of magic and fantasy and not of reality. For, in the course of his career he, Organized thirty two armed uprisings and he lost them all, he had seventeen male children by seventeen different women and they were exterminated one after the other in a single night he survived fourteen attempts on his life, seventy three ambushes and a firing squad. He lived through a doze of strychnine in his coffee that was enough to kill a horse. He refused the Order of Merit He rose to be the commander in chief of the revolutionary forces with jurisdiction and command from one border to the other and the man most feared by the government Although he always fought at the head of his men, the only wound that he received was the one he gave himself. He shot himself in the chest with a pistol and the bullet came out through his back wi th out damaging any vital organ. (MÃ ¡rquez, 2003) Early in the novel, a mysterious girls arrives who either cannot or will not speak and whom they call Rebecca. She brings with her the sickness of insomnia of which the most fearsome part, as an Indian woman explains, was not the impossibility of sleeping, for the body did not feel any fatigue at all, but its inexorable evolution towards a more critical manifestation; a loss of memory. Melquiades, a man of letters discovered its remedy but before him, Jose Arcadia has already invented a memory machine in which he has recorded almost fourteen thousand entries. World, in this way, becomes a slave of dictionary as it refuses all possibility of change by overcoming the loss of memory. It is not difficult to count a number of reasons for these apparently incredible details, which Gabriel Garcia Marquez provides in his work, but the most convincing one is, perhaps the obvious mundane purpose of enabling him to avoid censorship. Marquez technique has also been described as a kind of narrative hyperbole which seeks to expand the sensibility with which we perceive the world we live in. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, Marquezs characters are often endowed with a kind of supernatural power. Aureliano can see the future. Remedios The Beauty is taken up into the clouds as a divine being. Melquiades survives death, and stays on earth as a ghost. Ursula chooses not to die and lives for over a hundred years. In One Hundred Years ofnSolitude, if the resolution is strong enough, nothing can overpower it. It is perfectly possible for people to have power over even death. The characters struggle to create and define their own worlds, their fight is against time, history and fate. It could be said that Marquez endowment of his characters with special power is an illustration of our powerlessness against forces which remain outside our control. By crossing the border of normal possibility, Marquez reminds us of the limit ations of our own real lives, but also of the possibility of viewing the world in an entirely different way. Marquezs characters struggle to control, and to create their own world. It is through this act of creation that we can truly escape the forces in life over which we have no control. Marquez suggests that literature is the means by which we can gain understanding of a world-view different from our own, and therefore an understanding of our common humanity. While politics and ideology have the power to de-humanise, literature has the power to remind us of our humanity. Through imagination, and art, we can be elevated from the restrictions we face in day to day life, and we can also be enlightened as to the true potential of our lives, and our own individual power to create and shape our own destinies. Bibliography MÃ ¡rquez, G. G. (2003). PURPLE PATCH: Liberal Paradise . Retrieved from Daily Times: http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_3-12-2003_pg3_7

Violence in the Media Essay -- Papers

Violence in the Media America has become the most violent nation in the industrialized world. The many violent images seen in movies and on television on a daily basis, though not the only cause, are a strong contributing factor. There are those that feel the point-of-view from which the audience views the violence varies directly with the way the scene affects them. A film's perspective determines the audience's reaction. In "slasher" films, for example, the point of view shifts between the attacker and the victim. So the audience feels the terror of the victim and the lust of the victimizer. If the viewer shares the experience with the victim they feel helplessness, fear, and also the rage that comes with being attacked. However, when the viewer is allowed to share the experience of the attacker the perspective is different, they get the sense of power and being in control. In many sexual assault scenes the camera focuses on the victim's face, which puts the viewer in the position of the rapist. What is of concern is that many Americans want to identify with the powerful attacker. It can be argued whether or not this is a direct cause of imitative violence but it, with out a doubt, offers viewers the vicarious experience of violence related to sex. (Censorship, 1985) Television does not make people commit crimes, but it provides the ideas, social sanction, and often the instruction that encourages anti-social behavior according to Madeline Levine, psychologist. (Viewing Violence, 1996) Dr. Jib Fowles, a researcher from the University of Houston would disagree. He testified to the U.S. Congress that TV violence was a good way to relieve tension. Dr. Radecki strongly disagreed saying that "Fowles has never done a si... ...itable role models for them. Bibliography: Croteau, David and William Hoynes. 1997. Media/Society: Industries, . Images, and Audiences. London: Pine Forge Press. Dudley, William,ed. 1999. Media Violence: Opposing Viewpoints. San . Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Fiske, John. 1989. Understanding Popular Culture. New York: Routledge. Holland, Keating. 1999. "Violence in the Media Should be Regulated." . CNN Poll. http://www.ultranet.com/crowleyn/ccnnpoll.html Levine, Madeline. 1996. Viewing Violence. New York: Double Day. O'Neill, Terry. 1985. Censorship: Opposing Viewpoints. St. Paul, MO: Green Haven Press, Inc. University of California at Los Angeles. Television Monitoring Report. . http://www.cep.org/tvviolence.html